DFOHistory

History of the DFO – Flood Observatory

The DFO – Flood Observatory (DFO) was established in 1993 at Dartmouth College by its founder, Dr. Robert Brakenridge, with the pioneering vision of using space-based observations to systematically detect, map, and catalog major floods worldwide. At a time when satellite data were only beginning to emerge as operational tools, DFO created one of the first global, open-access repositories of flood information. By integrating MODIS, Landsat, radar imagery, and ground-based reporting, the Observatory demonstrated how remote sensing could address critical gaps in flood monitoring—especially in regions lacking extensive in-situ gauging networks.

Throughout the 2000s and 2010s, DFO expanded its capabilities, developing automated systems for near-real-time flood detection and incorporating new sensor technologies as they became available. These efforts led to the creation of the Global Surface Water Mapping and River Watch programs, which provide spatially consistent, daily water-extent products. During this period, DFO became a trusted resource for governments, disaster response agencies, and international organizations seeking reliable, unbiased flood intelligence. Its data have supported humanitarian relief operations, risk modeling, infrastructure planning, and long-term research into climate-driven changes in hydrology.

In 2010, the Observatory moved to the University of Colorado, to the Insitute of Arctic and Alpine Research, where it continued to modernize its operations within an academic environment focused on hydrologic and geospatial research. In 2018, Dr. Albert Kettner became Director of the DFO – Flood Observatory. Under his leadership, DFO has grown into a global hub for satellite-based flood science—advancing GIS frameworks for automated inundation mapping, partnering with the Global Flood Partnership, and supporting scientists, practitioners, and policymakers around the world. As remote sensing technologies continue to evolve, the Observatory remains committed to advancing open, science-driven flood monitoring to better understand and mitigate the impacts of extreme hydrologic events.